Adolpii reinemann



(Nb Model.)

A. REINEMANN, HEAT ANNUNGIATOR.

No. 450,425. PatentedApr. 414, 1891.

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UNITED STATES PATENT QEEICE.

ADOLPH RElNEMANN, 0F NElV YORK, N. Y.

HEAT-ANNUNCIATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 450,425, dated April 14, 1891. Application filed May 3l, 1890- Serial No, 353x820. lll'omotlel.)

To all who/12, t 'may concern:

Be it known that l, ADOLPH REINEMNN, ot New York city, New York, have invented an Improved lleat-Annunciator, of which the following` is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved heat or fire annunciator of novel construction.

The invention consists, brieiiy sta-ted, ot' a yielding' vessel containing two or more chemicals or substances that are separated by a readily-fusible partition. When the parti tion melts down, the chemicals orsubstances react or combine and evolve `gases that eX pand the yielding1 vessel. The vessel in cxpanding makes a suitable mechanical or electrical contact that sets oit the alarm.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical central section of my improved heatannunciator. Fig. is an inner face view thereof with one-half et the jacket removed. Fig. 3 is a partial vertical central section of a modification; Fig. 4, a vertical central section ota further modification; Fig. 5, a cross-section on line 5cm, Fig. 4.-; Fig'. G, a face view, and Fic. 7 an end view, of the charge.

The letter a represents a yielding vessel, preferably made of thin sheet metal and of such a shape in cross-section that it will expand under pressure 'from within.V At one side the vessel a is provided with a screwtapped opening` or bushing,` a', that receives a hollow screw-plug b. A jacket or casing' c surrounds vessel a. This jacket is likewise provided with an opening for the passage of the screwplug, as shown. lnsulatingnvashers d d should be placed upon the plug at either side of the jacket. The jacket c is made in two sections provided with lateral ilanges c through which pass screws c2, that connect the sections. etween the liangcs c there is placed a gasket c. To the jacket c there is secured a binding-post f, and to the screw-plug` b there is secured a second binding-post f. The posts carry the wires of an electric circuit, which when closed sounds a suitable alarm in the usual manner. Opposite to an inner extension f2 of post f the casing a is provided with a pin or contact g. When the vessel c, is expanded, the pin g makes contact with extension f2 of postf, and

thus the circuit is closed through post f, plug` b, vessel u, pin t, extension f?, and post f, and the alarm is sounded.

The charge contained within vessel a should be a double'charge-that is, it should be composed of two ingredients which when separated by an envelope remain inert, while when brought together by the destruction of the envelope they commingle and develop a `cas that acts against the vessel to bulge or throw it outward. For making' the double charge a variety ot' substances may be used. I prefer to Atill thc vessel a with water and to put into the hollow ot the screw-cap l), and therefore into communication with the interior ot the vessel, a charge consisting of a piece or disk of sodium 72 surrounded by an envelope of parai'iine fi.

At the ordinary variations of temperature the paraiiine will not melt, and will prevent contact between the sodium and the water. lVhen, however, the teinperature is raised above the melting-point of the paraffine, the latter will in melting permit direct contact between the sodium and the water. The sodium will now readily decompose the water and a large volume of hydrogen will be generated that will expand the vessel, and thereby establish the contact g f2 (dotted lines, Fig. l) to sound the alarm, as already described.

Of course the charge can be varied according` te fancy and according to the degree of heat which is to be announced. In place ot' the sodium some salt rich in carbonic acid, (such as sodium bicarbonata) in combination with an acid, (such as tartaric acid,) both incased in two compartments of a parafline cylinder or mixed in a dry granular state, may be used. Applied in the same way they will remain quiescent until the heat melts away the parattine, when carbonio-acid gas will be liberated. So, also, the charge may be made in the form of a metal tube closed by a plug of paratiine-wax, fat, rosin, or another easilyfusible material. There are also a number of substances which act on water in the presence of acids, (zinc,) or, combining with each other, will evolve gases. I have mentioned the above substances as typical and well suited for the purpose.

Parattine can be produced in different quali- IOC ties or varieties with Well-defined constant melting-points from 115 to 170o Fahrenheit. By using dierent articles impervious to water, from the easily-fusible'tallow or cocoabutter up to hard rosin, gums, mineral, hydrocarbons, and metal alloys, a long range of temperatures is obtained at which the apparatus is set olf.

-My improvedV apparatus is particularly applicable where comparatively low degrees of heat are to be announced. Moreover, it will stand rough usage, will Work in any position or in motion, is small,` portable, and can be placed-in direct contact with the substances (even it' liquid) the heat of which is to be controlled. Thus the apparatus can be put into a pile of tan-bark, grain, hops, coal, cotton, or other substances that are subjected to spontaneous overheating.

In Fig. 3 a mechanical contact is usedy in lieu of the electrical one shown in Figs. land 2. Here the binding-posts are dispensed with. The jacket c is provided with a cylindrical extension c4, in which slides a piston k, the head of which is in contact with vessel n. The piston 71:, when forced out by the eXpansion of the vessel, vibrates a hook k and disengages the latter from catch k2 against action of spring 7c3. This will set olf the alarm.

In Figs. 4 and 5 I use a stiff cylindrical vessel m, open at one end for the reception of a piston m. This piston is the equivalent of the yielding or giving part of vessel a. The head m2 of the piston is made of hard rubber or similar substance. The stem of the piston passes through a packing p, and is in part also protected by a non-conducting sleeve mi. This sleeve interrupts metallic contact between the body of the piston and contactsprings m4 on the body of vessel fm. The vessel m carries one binding-post f3 and the piston m carries the second binding-post f4 of an electric circuit. At the bottom the vessel m is 'closed by the screw-plug b, containing the charge. As the latter expands it forces the piston out until the non-conducting sleeve m is forced beyond the springs m4. The circuit will now be closed by post f4, piston-rod m', springs m4, vessel m, and post f3, and the alarm will be sounded. An opening m5 in vessel m permits the Water and gases to escape after the 'piston has been forced out.

Vh'at I claim is- 1. The combination of a yielding closed vessel With a double charge, and a fusible envelope separating the ingredients of the charge, substantially as specified.

2. The combination of a yielding closed vessel with a double charge, a fusible envelope separating the ingredients of the charge, and a pin or piston on the vessel adapted to move outward by the expansion of the `vessel, substantially as specified.

3. The combination of a yielding vessel having an opening with a hollow screw-plug received by said opening and with a charge within the screw-plug, substantially as specified.

4. The combination of a yielding vessel having an opening with a screw-plug Within said opening, a surrounding jacket, a double charge within the vessehand a fusible envelope separating the ingredients of the charge, substantially as specified.

ADOLPH REINEMN N.

. Witnesses:

F. v. BRIESEN, A. JONGHMANS. 

